Mendel’s Laws of Segregation, Independent Assortment and Dominance This new theory of inheritance was first proposed in the early 1860s by an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel depending on his experiments with pea plants at the University of Vienna. Heredity was Mendel’s belief, and each unit (or gene) in an individual’s genome acted independently of … Read more
Chromosome Definition The DNA molecule is bundled into thread-like structures known as chromosomes inside the nucleus of every cell. DNA is firmly enclosed numerous times just about the proteins known as histones which maintain the shape of every chromosome. Strasburger (1815) was the first to define chromosomes, while Waldeyer (1888) was the first to adopt … Read more
Transcription Definition (What is Transcription in Biology) Transcription is the process of transferring genetic information from a DNA strand to an RNA strand through a sequence of polymerization processes catalysed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. The information is passed on from one structure to another in the first phase of gene expression. RNA molecules are begun, … Read more
Monohybrid Cross Definition A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between two individuals who have homozygous genotypes for a single feature or trait, with the phenotype often being the polar opposite. Monohybrid crossings are commonly used to ascertain the genotypes of homozygous individuals’ progeny. The hybrid resulting from this cross aids in the determination of … Read more
Homozygous Definition Homozygous is a genetic situation in which a person inherits the same alleles from both parents for a gene. Both alleles are dominant or recessive in homozygous chromosomes. Two capital letters (XX) denote the dominant trait, while two lowercase letters denote the recessive trait (xx). Homozygous-dominant chromosomes have two copies of the dominant … Read more
What is Diploid? A cell or creature that is diploid has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Somatic cells are diploid in most organisms, whereas sex cells are usually haploid. The two chromosomes obtained from two parents are duplicated twice in diploid cells. Except for a few rats, almost all mammals are considered … Read more
Phenotype Definition In genetics, phenotype refers to all observable features in organisms that are the outcome of the genotype’s interaction with the environment. Phenotype is derived from the Greek word pheno, which meaning “observation.” Phenotypes are used to describe observable features in animals such as height and colour. A phenotype describes an organism’s morphology, physical … Read more