Phenotype Vs Genotype: Definition, Differences, Examples

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Phenotype Definition

In genetics, phenotype refers to all observable features in organisms that are the outcome of the genotype’s interaction with the environment.
Phenotype is derived from the Greek word pheno, which meaning “observation.” Phenotypes are used to describe observable features in animals such as height and colour.
A phenotype describes an organism’s morphology, physical shape and structure, development and behaviour, biological and physiological properties, and even its products.
As a result, phenotypes are utilised to discern variances in DNA sequences between people who have different heights.
An organism’s phenotype is determined by two factors: the genome’s expression, or genotype, and its interaction with environmental stimuli. An organism’s phenotypic can be influenced by one or both of these variables.
Environmental, physiological, and anatomical changes connected with age create phenotyp variation even within an individual.
Natural selection is based on phenotyp variation, in which the environment favours the survival of more fit individuals over the others.
Individuals with identical genes may display diverse phenotypes if they are exposed to different environments, as seen in twins.
As a result, evolution via natural selection would be impossible without phenotypic variety.
The concept of phenotyp variation may have an effect on an individual’s genetic makeup.
Silent mutations, for example, do not modify amino acid sequences but change the frequency of guanine-cytosine base pairs.
This mutation changes the genome’s G-C composition, which increases thermal stability and allows the organism to survive in high-temperature conditions.
The blood group, eye colour, and hair texture, as well as hereditary illnesses in people, pod size and colour of leaves, beak birds, and other phenotypes, are all examples of phenotypes.

Genotype Definition

The genotype is a phrase used in genetics to describe an individual’s genetic makeup, which is made up of heritable genes.
The two alleles that are inherited for a specific gene are also referred to as a genotype.
Bb represents for the dominant allele and b stands for the recessive allele in the alphabetical representation of genotypes.
The expression of these genes determines an individual’s physical features, known as phenotypes.
However, the genotype is not the only element that influences the phenotype; other factors such as inherited epigenetics and environmental factors also influence the phenotypic.
As a result, neither all people with the same genotype nor all people who look alike have the same genotype.
Various variables, including as mutations that change the frequency of base pairs or the structure of DNA sequences, affect the genotypes of organisms.
Genes generated as a result of acquired rather than inherited somatic mutations are not considered part of an individual’s genotype.
There are no changes in genotypes as a result of these mutations.
The expression of genotypes in organisms is determined by the genotype’s composition. When a dominant allele is present, the kids will almost certainly receive the dominant qualities, regardless of the other allele.
With the exception of heritable mutations, a character’s genotype is solely determined by gene sequences.
Thus, unless changed by mutations, a person’s genotype remains constant throughout his or her life.
Similarly, because genotypic is unaffected by phenotype, phenotypic changes in a person do not result in genotypic alterations.
Genotypes, like phenotypes, are invisible to the naked eye.
Processes such as genotyping will be used instead.
Genotyping is the process of determining a person’s genetic make-up.It can be used for a variety of purposes, including PCR, DNA sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
The homozygous allele for height, Tt for the heterozygous allele for height, and BB for the homozygous allele for eye colour are examples of genotypes seen in different animals.

Differences between Phenotype and Genotype (Phenotype Vs Genotype)

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Phenotype Examples

Melanin production

Melanin production in humans is regulated by certain genes; consequently, changes in melanin production are attributable to differences in organism genotype.
Although various genes regulate the distribution of melanin throughout the body, only one gene influences its production.
As a result, individuals with a certain genotype may have no melanin production at all, resulting in albinism.
As a result, albino persons usually have skin that is white or pink in colour.
Albinism is a trait caused by a specific genotype, and because albinism has a vast gene pool, examples of albinism can be found in a variety of populations.
Albinism is thought to be common in some species.

Mendel’s Peas

As part of his research, Mendel looked at a variety of phenotypes in peas.
Those phenotypes provided the foundation for almost all of his discoveries.
Green and yellow-colored peas were researched when it came to pea colour.
He discovered that crossing yellow and green peas resulted in peas that were half yellow and half green, with considerable variance in certain generations.
He calculated the ratios of different phenotypes in different generations based on this.
A specific gene codes for pea colouring, which results in a yellow tint.
The pea’s hue changed to green when this gene was missing.
As a result, the dominant allele is yellow, whereas the recessive allele is green.

Genotype Examples

Eye color

Brown is the most common genetic trait for eye colour, represented by the BB genotype.
Thus, the genotype for eye colour in homozygous people will be BB or bb.
All other eye colours, from blue to green to grey, are recessive features that manifest only when the genotype is homozygous-recessive, bb.
The genes for eye colour at the loci of the two chromosomes should be identical if the genotype is homozygous.
The resultant genotype for that character determines the individual’s phenotype, or eye colour.

Curly hair

The genotype for curly hair would be HH or Hh if we take the genotype for hair type as H for dominant trait and h for recessive trait.
The protein that promotes curly hair is coded for by this genotype.
If the genotype is HH, the person will have curly hair; however, if the genotype is heterozygous, the hair will be wavy, which is a cross between curly and straight hair.
Because straight hair is a recessive trait, the genotype would have to be hh for the hair to be straight.
Individuals with the heterozygous condition have the curly hair trait in complete dominance.

Phenotype vs Genotype Citations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype
https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/genetics-identical-twins-not-so-similar/
https://www.slideshare.net/SRMegh/silent-mutation-2
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329214501_Biparental_Inheritance_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Humans
https://quizlet.com/359071278/genetics-ch-1-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/25549586/genetics-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/114950720/ch-15-ch-16-study-guide-flash-cards/
https://curlybetty.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/curly-hair-genetics-heredity/

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